This paper builds on Froot and Stein (1998) in developing a framework for analyzing the risk allocation, capital … with risk management and capital allocation; ii) some, but not all, of the risks they face can be frictionlessly hedged in … and hedging. We show that these features result in a three-factor model that determines the pricing and allocation of risk …

risk management; and ii) not all the risks they face can be frictionlessly hedged in the capital market. This approach … allows us to show how bank-level risk management considerations should factor into the pricing of those risks that cannot be …

for corporate leverage. The risk anomaly generates a simple tradeoff theory: At zero leverage, the overall cost of capital …. Empirically, the risk anomaly tradeoff theory and the traditional tradeoff theory are both consistent with the finding that firms … with low-risk assets choose higher leverage. More uniquely, the risk anomaly theory helps to explain why leverage is …

Default probability plays a central role in the static tradeoff theory of capital structure. We directly test this … theory by regressing the probability of default on proxies for costs and benefits of debt. Contrary to predictions of the … theory, firms with higher bankruptcy costs, i.e., smaller firms and firms with lower asset tangibility, choose capital …

, paying particular attention to the influence of differences in tax rates and attitudes toward risk. Under the plausible … assumptions that households are more risk averse than institutions and possess a greater relative "tax preference" for equity … versus debt, we are able to characterize the equilibria which may result when debt is subject to bankruptcy risk. Among the …

risk is the dominant force, the size distribution of disasters follows a power law, and the economy has a representative … difference between the power-law tail parameter and the coefficient of relative risk aversion, γ. The options-pricing formula …

. Dynamically spread-weighting and risk-rebalancing positions improves performance. Equity, bond, FX, volatility, and downside …

options in defined contribution retirement plans. We document large differences in realized TDF returns and risk profiles … reflects optimal risk-taking by fund families with low market share, especially those entering the market after 2006. Using … plan-level data, we find little evidence that 401(k) plan sponsors match the risk profile of the TDFs in their plans to the …

countries, which were recommended by Athanasoulis and Shiller (2001) to facilitate risk sharing. For reasonable levels of belief … than risk sharing …While the traditional view of financial innovation emphasizes the risk sharing role of new financial assets, belief …