developments by examining an important aspect of living standards--health and nutrition--since the Middle Ages. I use average … early twentieth century. The paper links the decline in average height to climate deterioration; growing inequality … is plausible to link height gains that began in the eighteenth century with dietary improvements …

The channels by which better health leads to higher income, and those by which higher income protects health status …, are of interest to both researchers and policy makers. In general, quantifying the impact of income on health is difficult …, given the simultaneous determination of health and income. In this paper, we quantify the impact on health status of a large …

This paper is a progress report on the usefulness of data on physical height for the analysis of long-ten changes in … the level of nutrition and health on economic, social, and demographic behavior. It is based on a set of samples covering …-born. American Revolution, but there were long periods of declining nutrition and height during the 19th century. Similar cycling has …

The COVID-19 pandemic has upended health and living standards around the world. This article provides an interim …-economic effects in terms of living standards, education, health, and gender equality, which appear to be unprecedented in depth and …

health status of the population. The present study develops a methodology and presents preliminary estimates of how standard … economic measures would change if they adequately reflected improvements in health status. The study first discusses the theory … concept called 'health income' that can be used to incorporate improvements in health status. The study next discusses how the …

height and use province level information for investigating the determinants of biological wellbeing. The results indicate a … decline of more than 1.5 cm cm (0.6 inches) in the height of soldiers born between the early 1870s and the late 1880s. The … also find that at 159.3 cm (62.7 inches), the average height of soldiers born in the mid-1870s was very short even for the …

-fired unit experience large health effects following shutdown. While these health improvements appear to capitalize into housing …

This paper examines the relationship between extreme socioeconomic disadvantage and poor health by providing the first … magnitude of health disparities associated with homelessness. We find that non-elderly people experiencing homelessness have 3 … persistent hardships associated with homelessness and show that the well-documented gradient between health and poverty persists …