Despite the well-established importance of verbal engagement for infant language and cognitive development, many …, and that their infants have more advanced language and cognitive skills. We measure positive but noisy effects on parental …

) students in a particular elementary grade and language is twenty or higher. Using school panel data, we find a significant … significantly impact the standardized test scores of students with Spanish as their home language (comprised primarily of ever …-LEP students). However, there are significant positive spillover effects to their non-LEP peers …

We estimate the impact of district-level schooling mode (in-person versus hybrid or distance learning) on test scores … decline was 10.1 percentage points smaller for districts fully in-person. Changes in English language arts scores were smaller …, but were significantly larger in districts with larger populations of students who are Black, Hispanic or eligible for …

. Students in a large introductory microeconomics course at a major research university were randomly assigned to live lectures … instruction. These results are particularly strong for Hispanic students, male students, and lower-achieving students. We also …

This paper is the first to explore the effects of school accountability systems on high-achieving students' long … basic skills apparently led to generally reduced performance by high-achieving students, while an accountability system … other technical subjects. Both types of systems are associated with increased "cramming" by students in college. The results …

not. However, he assumes that agents can directly observe the monetary policy shock. Reversing this assumption, I find the …

This paper explores the relationship between kinship institutions and sex ratios in India at the turn of the twentieth … century. Since kinship rules varied by caste, language, religion and region, we construct sex-ratios by these categories at … the district-level using data from the 1901 Census of India for Punjab (North), Bengal (East) and Madras (South). We find …

students' scores on a language skills test administered after 16 months. The estimates are sufficiently precise to rule out …