' encompasses a wide range of behaviors that adversely affect children. It includes neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and other … that the economic circumstances of parents matter: increases in the fractions of children with absent fathers and working … non-working parents, and those with incomes below 75 percent of the poverty line. We also examine the links between family …

Children's indirect exposure to the justice system through biological parents or co-resident adults is both a marker of …) observe non-incarceration events, (2) follow children throughout their childhood, and (3) measure adult non-biological parent …: prison - 9% of children born between 1999-2005, felony conviction - 18%, and any criminal charge - 39%. Charge exposure rates …

Children spend years in foster care, and there are concerns that bureaucratic hurdles contribute to unnecessarily long … social services to foster children living in institutions. Using administrative data linked across government registries, we …

Children of refugees are among the most economically disadvantaged youth in several European countries. They are more …

. Analyses of a large-scale longitudinal dataset in the U.S., and a much smaller dataset of Chinese parents and children, show …

About 11% of the Chinese population are rural-urban migrants with a rural hukou that severely restricts their children …'s access to urban schools. As a result, 69 million children are left behind in rural areas. We use two regression … are more likely to separate from children to take advantage of new opportunities in cities. Those workers earn much more …

remaining 84 percent. Place effects are more influential for children of non-college-educated mothers, and are most strongly …