How large are spatial barriers to transferring knowledge? We analyze the international operations of multinational … firms to answer this fundamental question. In our model firms can transfer bits of knowledge to their foreign affiliates in … either embodied (traded intermediates) or disembodied form (direct communication). Knowledge transfer costs interact with the …

The rate of regional growth of new knowledge in the field of nanotechnology, as measured by counts of articles and … stocks of recorded knowledge in all scientific fields, and the extent to which tacit knowledge in all fields flows between … patenting. The data provide further support for the cumulative advantage model of knowledge production, and for ongoing efforts …

Commercializing knowledge involves transfer from discovering scientists to those who will develop it commercially. New … opportunities if high. Hence new knowledge remains naturally excludable and appropriable. Team production allows more knowledge … capture of tacit, complex discoveries by firm scientists. A robust indicator of a firm's tacit knowledge capture (and strong …

that could protect surplus ("security"). But the joint achievement of security and prosperity had to escape a paradox … conflict when defense capability is fixed, but may allow for security and prosperity when defense capability is endogenous …. Some economic shocks and military innovations deliver security and prosperity while others force societies back into a trap …

We develop a theoretical model of security investments in a network of interconnected agents. Network connections … introduce the possibility of cascading failures due to an exogenous or endogenous attack depending on the profile of security … networks, is that because security investments create positive externalities on other agents, there will be underinvestment in …

We study the impact of information and communication technology on growth through its impact on organization and … innovation. Agents accumulate knowledge through two activities: innovation (discovering new technologies) and exploitation …

. We review a considerable body of survey evidence and theory that seeks to explain why developers participate in open …

This paper studies alternative empirical strategies for estimating the effects of organization design practices on …

This paper considers the role of the allocation of scientific credit in determining the organization of science. We … examine changes in that organization and the nature of credit allocation in the past half century. Our contribution is a …