century. However, Daguerre's "patent buyout," the longitude prize, inducement prizes for butter substitutes and billiard balls … and potentially misleading case studies. Daguerre, for instance, never obtained a patent in France and, instead, lobbied … findings in part explain why innovation prizes lost favour as a technology policy instrument in both the United States and …

The Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) program is a major research training program … receiving subsequent NIH research awards from 6.3 to 8.2 percentage points and of achieving an NIH-funded R01 award, an …

mathematics prize) to that of similarly brilliant contenders. The two groups have similar publication rates until the award year …

We model early expectations about the value and technological importance ('quality') of a patented innovation as a … latent variable common to a set of four indicators: the number of patent claims, forward citations, backward citations and … family size. The model is estimated for four technology areas using a sample of about 8000 U.S. patents applied for during …

This paper surveys the major changes in patent policy and practice that have occurred in the last two decades in the U … effects of changes in patent policy. Despite the significance of the policy changes and the wide availability of detailed data … relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …