partnership with a Spanish-speaking online platform for technology positions, ads randomly selected to use gender-neutral language …Gendered-grammar languages like Spanish are spoken by 39% of the world's population. In a field experiment in … similar numbers otherwise. In a separate survey experiment, gender-neutral language in ads increases interest and beliefs …

a return to tenure about three percentage points higher than that of natives; improved Hebrew language skills account …We examine the effect of language acquisition on the growth of immigrants' earnings. We gathered data on recent Soviet … immigrants to Israel that include retrospective questions on earnings and language ability on entry into their current job …

largely orthogonal. Therefore earlier work on the importance of knowledge of the host-country language (Hebrew) does not …We use a unique sample of Russian immigrants and natives in Israel to examine the return to English knowledge. In cross …. Language acquisition is an important element in immigrant/native earnings convergence, but most of this convergence is …

historical flows of German, Norwegian, and domestic migrants in the US and document that climate sorting also holds within …

shock affecting firms using inputs similar to the imported Chinese goods. Combining French accounting, customs, and patent …We decompose the "China shock" into two components that induce different adjustments for firms exposed to Chinese … exports: a horizontal shock affecting firms selling goods that compete with similar imported Chinese goods, and a vertical …

relative declines during each event window; a symmetric effect is observed for Chinese companies with high Japanese exposure …. The effect on Japanese companies is more pronounced for those operating in industries dominated by Chinese state … reaction to adverse shocks to Sino-Japanese relations in 2005 and 2010. Japanese companies with high China exposure suffer …

language acquisition and refugee incorporation, which typically rely on self-reported measures of fluency. Our findings are …

arrived in the 1950s and 1960s eventually surpassed the average native wage. Improvements in English language skills …

Common culture and common language facilitate trade between people. Minorities have incentives to become assimilated … and to learn the majority language so that they have a larger pool of potential trading partners. The value of … less likely when an immigrant's native culture and language is broadly represented in his new country. Also, when …