This paper provides the first, comprehensive evidence on the question of whether the subsidized flood insurance rates … are needed to meet the affordability goal of the National Flood Insurance Program. We use IRS records at the zip code … the United States containing FEMA designated Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA). There are clear patterns of positive …

treatments respond to flood risk. We identify reactions to flood risk, distinctly from price effects due to flood damage, by … seaboard. We find that homes in high flood risk zones situated in towns that participate in public flood awareness activities …

-probability/high-impact risks, like floods, and whether past flood insurance purchases and flooding experience moderate the effect of defaults. Our … study uses a naturally occurring difference in experience, comparing the surveyed flood insurance choices of 1 …,187 homeowners, half of whom are in the Netherlands, where flood insurance penetration rates are low and recent flooding caused minor …