the literature for Italy, interest rates on shortterm lending of liquid and well-capitalized banks react less to a …

Does an intensification of competition among banks increase or decrease liquidity creation? By integrating the dynamic … process of interstate bank deregulation that lowered barriers to competition across U.S. states over the 1980s and 1990s with … facing each individual bank. We find that regulatory-induced competition reduced liquidity creation. Consistent with some …

Did regulatory reforms that lowered barriers to competition among U.S. banks increase or decrease the quality of … information that banks disclose to the public and regulators? We find that an intensification of competition reduced abnormal … competition reduces bank opacity, enhancing the ability of markets and regulators to monitor banks …

statutes that are more effective at preventing outsiders' entry and at mitigating price competition lead to less patenting. We … strongly restrict entry and price competition. We show that guilds that originated from medieval religious confraternities were … more likely to regulate entry and competition, and that the effect on patenting is robust to instrumenting guild statutes …