We review the theoretical literature on market determinants of media bias. We present a theoretical framework that …

There are two different types of media bias. One bias, which we refer to as ideology, reflects a news outlet's desire … to affect reader opinions in a particular direction. The second bias, which we refer to as spin, reflects the outlet …. Whereas competition can eliminate the effect of ideological bias, it actually exaggerates the incentive to spin stories …

Does media bias affect voting? We address this question by looking at the entry of Fox News in cable markets and its … bias and about politician quality. The Fox News effect could be a temporary learning effect for rational voters, or a …

The introduction of a new real estate taxes in Italy in 2011 generated a natural experiment, which is useful to test …

identify in observational studies. In a large scale randomized trial conducted during an actual mayoral campaign in Italy, we … expose different areas of the polity to controlled informational treatments about the valence and ideology of the incumbent … ideology. We find that both valence and ideological messages affect the first and second moments of the belief distribution …