parental decisions (labor market, investments in children, and fertility). We merge rich sources of historical information on … education and wages for the children born under these policies. The mobility effect, chiefly an increase in intergenerational … mobility in education, stems from heterogeneity in the effects of the policies: children of mothers with fewer years of …

Children represent the largest indirect beneficiaries of the U.S. social welfare system. Yet, many questions remain … about the direct benefits of cash aid to children. The current understanding of the impacts of cash aid in the U.S. is drawn … investment mechanisms that reduce socioeconomic inequality in children's well-being. In contrast to the U.S., dozens of low- to …

.005), receptive language (0.26 SD p=0.03) and expressive language (0.21 SD p=0.03). After 4.5 years, when the children were on average …

, which results in families of otherwise similar children receiving substantially different refunds during the first year of … first child leads to persistent increases in family income that likely contribute to the downstream effects on children …

The vast majority of China's fertility decline predates the famous One Child Policy - and instead occurred under its … predecessor, the Later, Longer, Fewer (LLF) fertility control policy. In this paper, we first study LLF's contribution to marriage … and fertility behavior, finding that the policy reduced China's total fertility rate by about 0.9 births per woman …

-term effects on U.S. fertility rates. I find that the introduction of family planning is associated with significant and persistent … reductions in fertility driven both by falling completed childbearing and childbearing delay. Although federally-funded family … planning accounted for a small portion of the post-baby boom U.S. fertility decline, the estimates imply that they reduced …

limited access to contraception is an important driver of high fertility rates in West Africa. We do not find support for this … about family size and contraception, and social pressure. Free contraception did not influence fertility even in combination …