detailed data on inventors contained in patents, and harness it for economic research. Patent data has long been used in … "John Smith" problem). Given that there are over 2 million patents with 2 inventors per patent on average, the "who is who …-inventors, etc. Forty percent of them have more than one patent, and 70,000 have more than 10 patents. We can trace those multiple …

star scientists and firms have a large positive impact on firms'" research productivity, increasing the average firm …'s biotech patents by 34 percent development by 27 percent, and products on the market by 8 percent as of 1989-1990. However … there is little evidence of geographically localized knowledge spillovers. In early industry" formation, star scientists …

. Using comprehensive data on Norwegian workers, firms, and patents, we find a 50% decline in both entrepreneurship and … patenting rates by university researchers after the reform. Quality measures for university start-ups and patents also decline …

effects that reflect proximity to universities or other research institutions. Using data on licensed patents from the … flows from university inventions through two important channels: non-market 'spillovers' exemplified by patent citations and … citations are most pronounced for exclusively licensed university patents. We interpret these findings as reflecting the …

--education and training, the practice of invention, and commercialization. While improving along certain dimensions over time, we …

This paper develops a game-theoretic model that predicts when a university invention is commercialized in a start …