differences in the probability of arrest or incarceration conditional on crime. We estimate that the externality of education is … schooling. We begin by analyzing the effect of high school graduation on incarceration using Census data. Instrumental variable … reduction in incarceration for both blacks and whites. When estimating the impact of high school graduation only, OLS and IV …

, rising crime rates also translate into larger prison populations. To break that simultaneity, this paper uses the status of … demonstrated to have a negative impact on prison populations, but is unlikely to be related to fluctuations in the crime rate …, except through its effect on prison populations. Instrumenting results in estimates of the elasticity of crime with respect …

We estimate the causal effect of parental incarceration on children's medium-run outcomes using administrative data … from Sweden. Our empirical strategy exploits exogenous variation in parental incarceration from the random assignment of … criminal defendants to judges with different incarceration tendencies. We find that the incarceration of a parent in childhood …

analysis of crime and crime prevention policy. But the leading scholarly commentaries on the crime drop during the 1990s have … sort have the potential to both reduce crime rates and reduce arrests and imprisonment. Well-designed regulations and …One creative method to harness private action to cost-effective crime control is the creation of business improvement …

Are many prisoners in jail or prison because of their mental illness? And if so, is mental health treatment a cost …-effective way to reduce crime and lower criminal justice costs? This paper reviews and evaluates the evidence assessing the … potential of expansion of mental health services for reducing crime. Mental illness and symptoms of mental illness are highly …

Strong sentences are common "tough on crime" tool used to reduce the incentives for individuals to participate in … participating in crime may adjust. I use California's Three Strikes law to identify several effects of a large increase in the … criminals with second and third-strike eligibility to commit crimes in neighboring states. The high cost of incarceration …

In order to lengthen prison terms, many U.S. states have limited parole boards' traditional authority to grant early … with respect to time in prison, (2) the accuracy of boards in conditioning release dates on recidivism risk, and (3) the …-experimental variation arising from policy shocks and institutional features of its criminal justice system, I find that longer prison terms …

The perception that immigration adversely affects crime rates led to legislation in the 1990s that particularly … increased punishment of criminal aliens. In fact, immigrants have much lower institutionalization (incarceration) rates than the … incarceration rates, and this difference increased from 1980 to 2000. We examine whether the improvement in immigrants' relative …