-run peer quality improvements within schools, on the same population. While students at schools with higher-achieving peers …

ability distribution drive the impact of peer quality on students‟ achievements. To do so, we use census data for four cohorts … of pupils taking their age-14 national tests, and measure students‟ ability by their prior achievements at age-11. We …

through which these peer effects operate. We identify as low ability students those who are enrolled at least one year behind … repeaters and regular students. The status of repeaters is mostly determined by first grade; therefore, it is unlikely to have … variation in the proportion of these low ability students across cohorts of middle and high school students in Israel, we find …

generated by changes in the classroom gender composition and those generated by changes in the behavior of students. To control … for potentially confounding unobserved characteristics of schools and students that might be correlated with peer gender … results suggest that an increase in the proportion of girls leads to a significant improvement in students' cognitive outcomes …

intensified among high achievers and in schools with more interracial contact, but non-existent among students in predominantly …

Using data on the universe of students who graduated from U.S. medical schools between 1996 and 1998, we examine … are stronger for blacks, that peer groups are formed along racial lines, or that students with relatively low ability … benefit more from their peers than students with relatively high ability. However, we do find some evidence that peer groups …

Texas students, disentangles racial composition effects from other aspects of school quality and from differences in student …

. Moreover, students throughout the school test score distribution appear to benefit from higher achieving schoolmates. On the …