of low-carbon energy innovation. These include both improvements in physical capital, such as smart grids to aid … document recent trends in energy innovation and discuss the lessons learnt for policy. We then discuss the potential role for … complementary innovation in both physical capital--using smart grids as an example of how policy can help--and human capital, where …

innovation can be systematically distorted. This paper builds a simple model of endogenous technology, which generalizes existing … comparative static results and characterizes potential distortions in the direction of innovation. I show that empirical findings … automation, health care, and energy, and correcting these distortions could have sizable welfare benefits …

, life cycle effects, and past productivity provide strong evidence that cumulative advantage matters for future productivity …

How should the government respond to automation? We study this question in a heterogeneous agent model that takes … borrowing is limited. We first show that these frictions result in inefficient automation. Firms fail to internalize that … where the government can tax automation but lacks redistributive tools to fully overcome borrowing frictions. The …

We examine the differential effects of automation on the labor market and educational outcomes of women relative to men … over the past four decades. Although women were disproportionately employed in occupations with a high risk of automation … link by exploiting variation in local labor market exposure to automation attributable to historical differences in local …

factory automation. We build a novel measure of exposure to computer numerical control (CNC) based on initial variation in … to CNC increased capital investment and experienced higher labor productivity. Total employment rose, with gains for …

Drawing insights from the field of innovation economics, we discuss the likely competitive environment shaping … stifling broad sectoral innovation. We conclude with speculations regarding how this oligopolistic future might be averted …

This paper contributes to the literature on innovation policies and institutional theory on conditions for effective … yield broader implications for organization and innovation …

Worker mobility across firms can enhance innovation by spreading knowledge, but such mobility may also hinder … innovation by making firms reluctant to invest in R&D. A common way that firms limit workers' mobility is with noncompete … agreements (NCAs). We examine how the legal enforceability of NCAs affects innovation, as measured by patenting, using data on …

externalities but also by innovation market failures. This paper maps the economics literature on innovation market failures and …