The last decade has witnessed an explosion in the number of regional trade agreements (RTAs). There seems to be a … to a RTA than the traditional gains from trade. This paper examines several possible benefits that RTAs may confer to …

Continental trade blocs are emerging in many parts of the world almost in tandem. If trade blocs are required to … reduction of trade barriers against non-member countries. That may not be politically feasible. On the other hand, in a world of … satisfy the McMillan criterion of not lowering their trade volume with outside countries, they have to engage in a dramatic …

favorable nor unfavorable implication for world trade; instead the balance of trade-creating and trade-diverting effects …The dramatic implosion and regionalization of international trade during the 1930s has often been blamed on the trade … and foreign exchange policies that emerged in the interwar period. We provide new evidence on the impact of trade and …

ground for this question: freight rates fell on average by 50% while global trade increased 400% from 1870 to 1913. We … model. We also take the endogeneity of bilateral trade and freight rates seriously and propose an instrumental variables … late nineteenth century global trade boom. Rather, the most powerful forces driving the boom were those of income growth …

Developing countries pay substantially higher transportation costs than developed nations, which leads to less trade … a trade route. These characteristics explain more variation in shipping prices than do conventional proxies such as … distance, and significantly contribute to the higher shipping prices facing the developing world. Markups increase shipping …

the precipitous decline in nominal freight rates before the World War I, but it also extends the series to the 1940s …. Furthermore, our new series is linked to the post-World War II era (documented by David Hummels), so that we can be more precise …

We discuss recent bilateral, regional, and country trade, partnership, and economic agreements involving both ASEAN as … conventional trade in goods and services issues. What emerges is of a picture of ill-defined general commitments and precise …

This paper evaluates a possible US-SACU (Southern African Customs Union) free trade agreement as part of a US approach … to new preferential trade agreements characterized by the term competitive liberalization.' This is the idea that … interest in weakening the trade restrictive effects of MFA quotas in the US for apparel imports. The risk of entrapment in …