Open borders imply systems competition. This paper studies the implications of systems competition for the national … competition rules. It is shown that an equilibrium where all countries retain their antitrust laws does not exist, since …

A central debate in economics concerns the relationship between competition and innovation, with some stressing that … competition discourages innovation by reducing post-innovation rents and others emphasizing that more contestable markets spur … currently dominant and other firms to invest more in innovation. We examine the impact of competition laws on innovation. We …

this rationale would suggest that, insofar as suppression of competition would allow nonprofits to cross-subsidize care for …-profit and non-profit hospitals under different competition conditions. Using detailed California data from 2001 to 2011, we find … more unprofitable services, when competition falls. Overall, while some courts have given deference to defendants …

During the Progressive Era at the beginning of the 20th century, the United States replaced litigation by regulation as … enforcement strategy between litigation and regulation based on the idea that justice can be subverted with sufficient expenditure … environment of significant inequality of wealth and political power. The switch to regulation can then be seen as an efficient …

Attempts to curb undesired behavior through regulation gets complicated when agents can adapt to circumvent enforcement …