This paper examines the impact of school shootings on the educational performance and long-term health consequences of … may play a role in explaining any such effect, and school expenditures, which may counteract it. We analyze national …, school-district level data and additional school-level data from Connecticut in this part of the analysis. In terms of …

In this paper, we examine the impact of school shootings on the human health and capital outcomes of middle and high … school student survivors as adults in their twenties and early thirties. Our data on school shooting events is from a recent …, comprehensive database of school shootings compiled by the Center for Homeland Defense and Security. The analytic dataset contains …

-in-differences models that leverage within-individual and across-cohort variation in shooting exposure within matched school groups to … grade in the two years following the event. We also find adverse long-term impacts on the likelihood of high school … student and school characteristics indicate that the detrimental impacts of shootings are universal, with most sub …

conveyed by smoking (of being off track in school), one that is especially powerful for high-aptitude students. To further … develop this view, we present estimates of the likelihood of smoking as a function of school commitment and other, more … traditional variables. There are no direct implications from this analysis for whether smoking is in some sense a cause of school …

Smoking and obesity are the two leading causes of preventable deaths in the United States. Because smoking is subject … to heavy government intervention, understanding the effect of smoking on obesity is important in determining the extent … for changes in smoking, and survey completion to instrument for misreporting. Starting with the baseline two-stage least …

This paper aims to identify the causal effect of smoking on body mass index (BMI) using data from the Lung Health Study …, a randomized trial of smoking cessation treatments. Since nicotine is a metabolic stimulant and appetite suppressant …, quitting or reducing smoking could lead to weight gain. Using randomized treatment assignment to instrument for smoking, we …

This paper aims to identify the causal effects of smoking on mental health using data from the Lung Health Study, a … randomized trial of smoking cessation treatment with five years of follow-up interviews. In the short-run, distress increases …, likely reflecting the effects of nicotine withdrawal. Long-run effects on mental health are small overall, but mask …

We develop and estimate a life-cycle model in a rational addiction framework where youth choose to smoke, attend school …. We show that education causally reduces smoking. A counterfactual experiment finds that in absence of cigarettes, college …

The leading school reform policy in the United States revolves around strong accountability of schools with …