The local academic science base plays a dominant role in determining where and when biotechnology is adopted by … pharmaceutical business -- biotechnology's most important application -- the performance enhancement associated with this … biotechnology, with the latter playing a somewhat larger role. De nova entry was determined similarly as if entry and organizational …

Using detailed data on biotechnology in Japan, we find that identifiable collaborations" between particular university …

organization of production in Canada, Mexico, or the United States. In Mexico, closer economic ties with the United States appear … integration on industry location in Canada and the United States seem to have been much weaker. On exception to this finding is U …