degrees of dependence on external financing or access to capital. However, because regulations affecting bank entry varied … sector. Regulations on bank entry and other banking market characteristics thus appear to exert an independent influence on …

It is often argued that branching stabilizes banking systems by facilitating diversification of bank portfolios … quantitatively more important than geographical diversification for bank stability in the 1920s and 1930s …

deposits excessively fragile in which case there is a role for outside bank capital. Greater bank capital reduces liquidity … creation by the bank but enables the bank to survive more often and avoid distress. A more subtle effect is that banks with … different amounts of capital extract different amounts of repayment from borrowers. The optimal bank capital structure trades …

The first part of this paper provides a historical perspective on bank risks. Five-year moving average measures of … outside New York banks from 1950-1976.We use a carefully constructed series of bank balance sheet data to compute correlations … proposed in Sharpe ("Bank Capital Adequacy, Deposit Insurance and Security Values," June 1978) to gain information about …

of deposit insurance as a function of capital-asset ratio for a bank with demand liabilities and longer term, default …