reform on women's arrests for property crime, the type of crime women are most likely to commit and that welfare reform has … been shown to affect. We found that women's property crime arrest rates declined over the age span; that welfare reform led … to an overall reduction in adult women's property crime arrests of about 4%, with the strongest effects for women ages 25 …

examinations, city crime rates appear unaffected by litigation. However, litigation lowers slightly both arrests per crime and the …

that permit enhanced identification of women and African American inventors, we find that gender and racial differences in … women and African Americans. Further, among determinants of commercialization, the evidence suggests that advanced training … in engineering is correlated with better commercialization outcomes for women and African Americans than for U …

result, women's suffrage exacerbated racial inequality in education expenditures and substantially delayed relative gains in …

Black women were more likely than white women to participate in the labor force from 1870 until at least 1980 and to … stigma associated with women's work, which Goldin (1977) suggested could be traced to cultural norms rooted in slavery. In …

Black women in current cohorts ages 50 to 72 years have lower employment than similar white women, despite having had … higher employment when they were middle-aged and younger. Earlier cohorts of older black women also worked more than their … white counterparts. Although it is not surprising that white women's employment should catch up to that of black women given …

This paper estimates the effects of educational attainment and school quality on crime among American women. Using …, and teacher salaries) on incarceration and arrests. Finally, we show that the effects of education on crime for women are … probability of incarceration using Census data from 1960-1980. Using data from the 1960-90 Uniform Crime Reports, we also estimate …