Traditionally, fund managers cast votes on behalf of investors whose capital they manage. Recently, this system has … come under intense debate given the growing concentration of voting power among a few asset managers and disagreements over … environmental and social issues. Major fund managers now offer their investors a choice: delegate their votes to the fund or cast …

We create a firm-level ChatGPT investment score, based on conference calls, that measures managers' anticipated changes …

unique aspect of this survey is it collected management data from the CEO, a random sample of senior managers and workers. We … poorly managed firms. This distribution of management scores is similar for CEOs, senior managers and workers management, and …, we find that the CEO's management scores are the most predictive of firm performance, followed by the senior managers and …

shareholders and managers in which managers have private benefits or private costs of investment. Managers overinvest when they …, in isolation, is insufficient to identify whether managers have private benefits or private costs of investment. In order … to identify whether managers have private benefits or costs, we estimate the joint relationships between incentives and …

Corporate managers who own a majority of the common stock in their company or who represent another firm owning such an … interest appear to be less constrained than managers of diffusely held firms, yet their power to harm minority shareholders …. Finally, there is little evidence that new organizational mechanisms have evolved to constrain managers who own large blocks …