the past centuries from the traditional interventions of a lender-of-last-resort, suspensions of convertibility, and bank … holidays, towards a much more prominent role for capital injections and sweeping guarantees of bank liabilities. Furthermore …

We examine historical banking crises through the lens of bank equity declines, which cover a broad sample of episodes … of banking distress both with and without banking panics. To do this, we construct a new dataset on bank equity returns … of panics, large bank equity declines are associated with substantial credit contractions and output gaps. While panics …

1858, and the expansion of government-sponsored deposit insurance and other bank safety net programs throughout the world … to deal with shocks. Another destabilizing rule of the banking game is the absence of a properly structured central bank … an example of effective learning, which put an end to the subsidization of risk through reforms to Bank of England …

that centers on the existence of an increasingly efficient market for bank shares. The stock market was important because …

We use exogenous variation in the degree of restrictions to bank competition across Italian provinces to study both the … effects of bank regulation and the impact of deregulation. We find that where entry was more restricted the cost of credit was … increase in bad loans. In provinces where restrictions to bank competition were most severe, the proportion of bad loans after …

It is often argued that branching stabilizes banking systems by facilitating diversification of bank portfolios … quantitatively more important than geographical diversification for bank stability in the 1920s and 1930s …

This paper provides the first comprehensive econometric analysis of the causes of bank distress during the Depression …. We assemble bank-level data for virtually all Fed member banks, and combine those data with county-level, state … bank failure. We construct a model of bank survival duration using these fundamental determinants of bank failure as …

of creating an oligopoly. We assembled a data set that compares bank failures, lending rates, interest paid on deposits …

This paper studies the role of bank affiliations in mitigating frictions related to asymmetric information. The … analysis focuses on Massachusetts, and tests whether firms with bank directors on their boards fared better following the Panic … percent of all non-financial corporations in the state had a bank director on their board in 1872. These firms survived the …