conditions, external factors, and reform strategies. This paper summarizes the macroeconomic performance of the transition …While output declined in virtually all transition economies in the initial years, the speed and extent of the recovery … economies. We first review the initial conditions confronting these economies, the reform strategy that was proposed, and the …

between industrializing and industrialized countries. Due to restrictive laws in the receiving countries and high migration … costs, the increase in international migration has involved mainly highly educated workers. During the same period … phenomena of migration and trade in a world where countries use different skill-specific technologies and workers have different …

This paper applies a logistic smooth transition regression approach to the estimation of a homogenous aggregate value … added production function of the State Owned (SOE) and Foreign-Funded Enterprises (FFE) in China, 1980s-2007. The transition … timing of the transition are endogenously determined by the data. We find high but gradually declining markups in both SOEs …

capture, and then protect, these rents leads to the creation of new distortions, even as the reform process tries to move … governments throughout the economy sought to capture these rents by developing high margin industries. Continued reform, and …, leading local governments to impose a variety of interregional barriers to trade. Thus, the reform process led to the …

result, it takes time before the benefits of reform show up in increases in measured output and productivity. To establish a … neoclassical benchmark for reforming economies, we ask what the path of transition looks like in a reforming economy for which the … that it takes 5-7 years until measured output and productivity begin to grow rapidly following reform. This finding …

The main focus of this paper is on the process and progress of economic reform in Russia. But I start with four …'s approach to reform is similar to that in several East European countries. It differs in having started with a major price …

I make three points relating to the transition from fossil fuels to non-carbon energy. One is that the economic cost of …