the quality-adjusted quantity of entrepreneurship. In contrast, increases in non-research funding to universities and … entrepreneurship. Research funding to universities seems to play a unique role in promoting the acceleration of local entrepreneurial …This paper provides systematic empirical evidence for the distinctive role of universities on local entrepreneurial …

five research universities, we conclude that the most critical organizational factors are likely to be reward systems for … barriers between universities and firms …

. Licensing is more likely in general, and especially so in start-ups, by universities with higher quality engineering faculty and … older TTOs. Start-ups are more likely by universities in states with larger levels of venture capital. TTO size has no … effect on start-ups, but does increase licenses. Conversely, universities that earn greater licensing royalties have fewer …

universities only when the latter is embodied in inventions or PhD scientists. Human capital trained by universities fosters … innovation in firms. However, inventions from universities and public research institutes substitute for corporate inventions and …

affiliated with the top 25 universities in the last three decades. We find that there was a positive effect of being affiliated … hypothesis that the de-localization of this externality makes it more difficult for universities to appropriate any rent. Our …

' scientists, nearly all working at top universities. An operationally attractive generalization of our star measure …

science of major American research universities. We then illustrate the measure's utility by applying it to two questions …. First, does the patenting of academic research by universities impede its breadth of use by firms? Second, to illustrate how … one factor, universities' reputations for generating commercializable science, impacts firms' use of academic science. For …

for Scientific Information (ISI); the scientific institutions included are the top 110 U.S. research universities; the 12 …