U.S. fertility rose from a low of 2.27 children for women born in 1908 to a peak of 3.21 children for women born in … boom and generated a rise in women's human capital, ultimately leading to a decline in desired fertility for subsequent … associated with a rise in fertility for women born between 1921 and 1940, with a rise in college and high school graduation rates …

effects of pregnancy and childbirth on women's ability to work, while the introduction of infant formula reduced mothers … and motherhood, were essential for the rise in married women's participation and the evolution of their economic role …

This paper examines how the public policy environment in the United States affects work by new mothers following … policy environment has important effects, particularly for less advantaged mothers. There is a potential conflict between …

schooling and labor market outcomes of mothers observed in 1980 and 1990 Census microdata. Reduced-form estimates suggest that … state abortion reforms had a negative impact on teen marriage, teen fertility, and teen out- of-wedlock childbearing. The … teen marriage effects are largest and most precisely estimated for white women while the teen fertility and out …

, motherhood, and wages. We find that heterogeneity leads to biased estimates of the "direct" effects of marriage and motherhood on … motherhood on women's wages. We also find statistical evidence that experience and tenure nay be endogenous variables in wage …

This paper studies the effect of mothers' education on fertility in a population with very low female labor force … large increase in schooling attainment triggered a sharp decline in completed fertility. We show that no other changes … convergence in fertility and schooling, changes in labor-force participation, age upon marriage, marriage and divorce rates, and …

Only a few rich nations are currently at replacement levels of fertility and many are considerably below. We believe … that changes in the status of women are driving fertility change. At low levels of female status, women specialize in … household production and fertility is high. In an intermediate phase, women have increasing opportunities to earn a living …

higher marriage rates for women and lower for men. Land abundance favored higher fertility. The demands of childcare …

Fertility decisions are often made by partners who may disagree. We develop a model in which an initial gender gap in … ideal fertility prevents effective communication between spouses about the costs of childbearing incurred by women. This … mechanism is likely to further widen the spousal disagreement over fertility in environments where maternal health risk is high …