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Bargaining over Taxes and Entitlements in the Era of Unequal Growth
Azzimonti, Marina; Karpuska, Laura; Mihalache, Gabriel - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
Entitlement programs have become an increasing component of total government spending in the US over the last six decades. To some observers, this growth of the welfare state is excessive and unwarranted. To others, it is a welcome counter-acting force to the rapid increase in income inequality....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013210072
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Markets, Governments, and the Institutional Structure of Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States and Sweden in the 20th Century
Fishback, Price Van Meter - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
Social welfare spending on health, welfare, and insurance against adverse outcomes expanded a great deal in all of the developed countries during the 20th century. The institutional structure of the spending varies with respect to the extent that governments or market institutions provide the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013210094
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The 2021 Paycheck Protection Program Reboot : Loan Disbursement to Employer and Nonemployer Businesses in Minority Communities
Fairlie, Robert W.; Fossen, Frank M. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
Was the $278 billion reboot of the $800 billion Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) in early 2021 disbursed equitably to minority communities? This paper provides the first analysis of how PPP funds were disbursed to minority communities in the third and final round of the program, which was...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012938701
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Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program
Chernenko, Sergey; Scharfstein, David - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
Using a large sample of Florida restaurants, we document significant racial disparities in borrowing through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and investigate the causes of these disparities. Black-owned restaurants are 25% less likely to receive PPP loans. Restaurant location explains 5...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012938717
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Stock Market Stimulus
Greenwood, Robin; Laarits, Toomas; Wurgler, Jeffrey - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
We study the stock market effects of the arrival of the three rounds of "stimulus checks" to U.S. taxpayers and the single round of direct payments to Hong Kong citizens. The first two rounds of U.S. checks appear to have increased retail buying and share prices of retail-dominated portfolios....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013172127
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Were Federal COVID Relief Funds for Schools Enough?
Gordon, Nora; Reber, Sarah J. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
Congress responded to the COVID pandemic's disruptions to instruction with unprecedented federal aid for school districts. While this relief has been widely characterized as a major windfall for K-12 education, per-pupil amounts vary considerably across districts, as will the costs districts...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012696379
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The Responsiveness of Medicaid Spending to the Federal Subsidy
Bundorf, M. Kate; Kessler, Daniel P. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
this type in the U.S. We find that Medicaid spending per enrollee responds to the magnitude of the federal subsidy. The … their Medicaid programs in exchange for increases in the generosity of the federal subsidy. States that exercised this … the after-subsidy price of Medicaid to a state of -0.494 to -0.579 …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012696401
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Minority Self-Employment in the United States and the Impact of Affirmative Action Programs
Blanchflower, David G. - 2008
n this paper I examine changes in self-employment that have occurred since the early 1980s in the United States. It is a companion paper to a recent equivalent paper that related to the UK. Data on random samples of approximately twenty million US workers are examined taken from the Basic...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012464674
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How to Restructure Failed Banking Systems : Lessons from the U.S. in the 1930's and Japan in the 1990's
Calomiris, Charles - 2003
The costs of government assistance to banks depend on the way rescues are managed. The cnetral questions of policy reference do not revolve around whether to bail out banks, but rather around the choice of which banks to rescue and the means for doing so. If a rescue is handled skillfully, the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012469074
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Politics and the Distribution of Federal Funds : Evidence from Federal Legislation in Response to COVID-19
Clemens, Jeffrey; Veuger, Stan - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
COVID-19 relief legislation offers a unique setting to study how political representation shapes the distribution of federal assistance to state and local governments. We provide evidence of a substantial small-state bias: an additional Senator or Representative per million residents predicts an...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012533424