-biased stopping rules imply that estimates of the effect of gender on parental investments are likely to be biased because girls …

in life. This paper evaluates the parental response to variation in non-cognitive skills among their children in rural … Gansu province, China, employing a household fixed effects specification; non-cognitive skills are defined as the inverse of …). The results suggest that on average, parents invest no more in terms of educational expenditure in children who have …

than sons. Although China's hukou mobility restrictions are not gender-specific in intent, they have larger adverse effects …About 11% of the Chinese population are rural-urban migrants with a rural hukou that severely restricts their children …'s access to urban schools. As a result, 69 million children are left behind in rural areas. We use two regression …

and 1,460 children younger than 1 year of age were assessed at baseline. The interventions were also complemented with … training, supervision and coaching of FAMI program facilitators. We assessed program effects on children's nutritional status … reduction of 5.8 percentage points in the fraction of children whose height-for-age is below -1 standard deviation. We do not …

household heads, care-givers of children, and their teachers and schools. We analysed results from 9,947 children, aged 7 …-17, tested for literacy and numeracy competency. Only 27% of children were able to add two single digits, and just 19% were able … to read and comprehend a simple word. Our unannounced school checks found 72% of enrolled children in grades 1 …

childhood investments, and their children's outcomes. To do so, we elicit ambiguity attitude and risk aversion preference … mothers' investment in nutrition of their children between the ages of 0-6, we find a robust and stable positive correlation … averse the mother, the greater her investments. Such investments are correlated with better children's cognitive and non …

and test scores among all children, eliminates the 21 percentage point gender disparity in enrollment, and dramatically …We conduct a randomized evaluation of the effect of village-based schools on children's academic performance using a … sample of 31 villages and 1,490 children in rural northwestern Afghanistan. The program significantly increases enrollment …

While there is a large literature on gender differences in important childhood developmental inputs in developing … countries, the evidence for developed countries is relatively limited. I investigate gender differences in some of these inputs …

Forty years ago, 96% of six-year-old children were enrolled in first grade or above. As of 2005, the figure was just 84 … explains a small but significant portion of the rising gender gaps in high school graduation and college completion. Increases …-income children are at greater risk of dropping out of school when they reach the legal age of school exit …

We conduct experiments eliciting risk preferences with over 1,400 children and adolescents aged 3-15 years old. We … significantly greater risk aversion than adolescent boys. This pattern is not observed among young children, suggesting that the … gender gap in risk preferences emerges in early adolescence. Second, we find that at all ages in our study, cognitive skills …