This paper studies a simple model of experimentation and innovation. Our analysis suggests that patents may improve the … project to implement. A successful innovation can be copied by other firms. Symmetric equilibria (where actions do not depend … equilibria). In contrast to patents, subsidies to experimentation, research, or innovation cannot typically achieve this …

of brand-name manufacturers receiving patent protection on peripheral features of the drug such as the route of … protect novel features and represent true innovation or, instead, provide little to no innovative benefit and improperly delay … generic entry. In this paper, we explore how the Patent Office may improve the quality of the secondary patents issued …

A patent only protects an innovator from others producing the same product, but it does not protect him from others … within-patent competition, which results from production of the same product, and betweenpatent competition, which results … effects of intellectual property regulations on within -patent competition by showing how protecting innovative returns from …

pharmaceutical incumbents just before they lose patent protection. The approach involves looking at a cross-section of markets and … of drugs which lost patent protection between 1986 and 1992. Among the findings consistent with an entry deterrence … advertising immediately prior to patent expiration …

We examine six molecules facing initial loss of US exclusivity (LOE, from patent expiration or challenges) between June …

As countries reform their patent laws to be in compliance with the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement …, an important question is how increased patent protection will affect drug prices in low-income countries. Using …

This paper surveys the major changes in patent policy and practice that have occurred in the last two decades in the U … effects of changes in patent policy. Despite the significance of the policy changes and the wide availability of detailed data … relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …

fertility of an innovation in generating more innovations cannot be observed. The menu of patent scope can be implemented with …It may be advantageous to provide a variety of kinds of patent protection to heterogenous innovations. Innovations … protection in order to be encouraged. We model the problem of designing an optimal patent menu (scope and length) when the …

Does an expansion of patent scope induce more innovative effort by firms? This article provides evidence on this … question by examining firm responses to the Japanese patent reforms of 1988. Interviews with practitioners suggest the reforms … significantly expanded the scope of patent rights in Japan, but that the average response in terms of additional R&D effort and …

How do non-practicing entities ("Patent Trolls") impact innovation and technological progress? Although this question …", who exploit the patent system to extract rents and thereby hurt innovation. We employ unprecedented access to NPE …-derived patent and financial data, as well as a novel model that guides our data analysis. We find that NPEs acquire patents from …