One frequently overlooked aspect of the U.S.-style electoral college system is that it discourages election fraud. In a … presidential election based on the popular vote, competing political parties are motivated to manipulate votes in areas where they … electoral college system provides more effective protection against election fraud compared to the popular vote system. While …

can affect voter turnout and election outcomes. We do so using historical data on more than 2,000 races in Florida and … small effect on turnout. Similarly, we also show under a range of conservative assumptions that very few election results … or critics were true, strict identification laws are unlikely to have a meaningful impact on turnout or election outcomes …

how these mappings affect voters' participation to an election. We show that the effect of such institutional differences … in the ex-ante closeness of the election and peaks when the population is evenly split between the two parties. These …

levels of democracy. In developed countries, especially old democracies, election-year deficits actually reduce the … countries and in new democracies, but voters are affected by growth over the leader's term in office rather than in the election …

structure about donors - on donations, election outcomes, political candidates' policy choices, and welfare. Three alternative …