Import tariffs tend to be higher for final goods than for inputs, a phenomenon commonly referred to as tariff …-maximizing tariffs are uniform across sectors. We show that tariff escalation can be rationalized on efficiency grounds in the presence … up the chain for final-good tariffs, input tariffs may drive final-good producers to relocate abroad, mitigating their …

hinge on import demand and export supply elasticities, which we estimate using detailed U.S. import data from 1927-35, as … percentage points of the tariffs are explained by terms of trade considerations. Decomposing the politically-optimal tariff in …

preference by economists for factor or product taxes and subsidies over tariffs and export subsidies may not be justified in this …

uncertain future increases in tariffs. Second, even though the trade response can be quite large, the probability of a tariff …

) with foreign countries. The resulting trade agreements reduced U.S. tariffs and culminated in the General Agreement on … Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1947. Was the Great Depression responsible for bringing about this fundamental shift in U.S. trade … the result of World War II than the Depression blunted Republican opposition to the RTAA and ensured its post-war survival …

This paper uses a new dataset on the universe of Canadian imports and tariffs between 1924 and 1936, disaggregated into … tariffs which varied substantially across goods, trade partners, and time. We develop a novel method of controlling for … the impact of tariffs on trade flows. The overall impact of post-1929 tariff shifts, including the 1932 agreements, was …

This paper analyzes the short-run trade effects of retaliatory tariffs against agriculture and food exports from the … United States. The results indicate that these tariffs caused a substantial decline in U.S. agriculture and food exports and …

reports a set of world tariff facts for the 150 years between 1789 and 1938 that have not been well appreciated. First, tariff … industrially-lagging Europe, and more steeply even in Asia. Furthermore, after world tariff rates rose between 1865 and 1900, they … world tariff facts come from two sources: Stolper-Samuelson -- scarce factors should lobby for protection when exposed to …

This paper describes the updating of the NBER trade dataset, which now provides U.S. import and export values to the …