We compare the spatial distribution of emissions from Southern California's pollution-trading program with that of a … demographic groups and generated a more equitable overall distribution of emissions even after controlling for its lower aggregate … emissions. Upper-income and white demographics had more desirable distributions relative to low-income and some minority groups …

Cap-and-trade systems have emerged as the preferred national and regional instrument for reducing emissions of … greenhouse gases throughout the industrialized world, and the Clean Development Mechanism -- an international emission …

significant global carbon emissions reduction and the potential impacts of proposals now circulating for carbon reduction … a relatively minor consideration in climate change containment. The dominant influence on carbon emissions globally for … that differences in emissions intensity across countries are larger than across products or sectors and so issues of …

small, for two reasons. First, services account for only a small fraction of overall pollution. For none of five major air … pollutants does the service sector account for even four percent of total emissions; for three of the five services account for … relation to the environment, because services in general contribute relatively little to overall pollution, and those …

polices to manage quantities under a pollution tax. Importantly, it can be difficult to know how to evaluate these policies …

The allocation of emissions allowances is among the most contentious elements of the design of cap-and-trade systems … pass-through of carbon costs to product prices, mitigating leakage, and of mitigating costs to high-emissions firms … emissions firms. Rather than mitigating the impact on high carbon producers, the net operating profit of such firms can actually …

compliance flexibility and cost effectiveness can make more stringent emissions reductions politically feasible. However …, increased compliance flexibility can also result in an inequitable distribution of pollution. We investigate these issues in the … located in non-attainment areas. Our results indicate that emissions fell approximately 24 percent, on average, at RECLAIM …

more clear quantitative limit on emissions. This paper presents a simple modification to the idea of a safety valve: a …