) emissions from agriculture. In a step towards a full evaluation of the impacts, it uses a counterfactual global model scenario … that currently tax agriculture have high emission intensities. Policies that directly reduce emission intensities yield …

skills or not. The government influences individual decision-making by redistribution of income or by subsidizing investment … inequality aversion and financing the subsidy is not too distortive …

Using commodity futures contract and spot prices, we estimate the incidence of the US ethanol subsidy accruing to corn … ethanol producers captured two-thirds of the subsidy, and suggestive evidence that a small portion of this benefit accrued to … or gasoline consumers captured any part of the subsidy. This paper contributes to understanding of biofuels markets and …

factor prices and on environmental outcomes. We model an output subsidy, a capital subsidy, relief from environmental … regulation, and a direct cash subsidy. In exchange for receiving subsidies, firms must agree to a minimum level of labor … employment. Each type of subsidy and the employment constraint create both output effects and substitution effects on input …

We find that the TPS's implicit subsidy to electricity output has wide-ranging consequences for both cost …-effectiveness and distribution. In terms of cost-effectiveness, the subsidy disadvantages the TPS relative to C&T by causing power …