degrees of dependence on external financing or access to capital. However, because regulations affecting bank entry varied … sector. Regulations on bank entry and other banking market characteristics thus appear to exert an independent influence on …

For over a century, economists and policy makers have debated the relative merits of bank-based versus market …-based financial systems. Recent research, however, argues that classifying countries as bank-based or market is not a very fruitful … robustly linked with economic growth, there is no support for either the bank-based or market-based view …

It is often argued that branching stabilizes banking systems by facilitating diversification of bank portfolios … quantitatively more important than geographical diversification for bank stability in the 1920s and 1930s …

Mexico has experienced since 1995. Although fresh domestic bank lending dried up, tradable firms obtained financing in the …

urban growth. Our estimates suggest that the presence of a bank at a given location in the late 1830s is associated with …

We use exogenous variation in the degree of restrictions to bank competition across Italian provinces to study both the … effects of bank regulation and the impact of deregulation. We find that where entry was more restricted the cost of credit was … increase in bad loans. In provinces where restrictions to bank competition were most severe, the proportion of bad loans after …