externalities but also by innovation market failures. This paper maps the economics literature on innovation market failures and …

Worker mobility across firms can enhance innovation by spreading knowledge, but such mobility may also hinder … innovation by making firms reluctant to invest in R&D. A common way that firms limit workers' mobility is with noncompete … agreements (NCAs). We examine how the legal enforceability of NCAs affects innovation, as measured by patenting, using data on …

of low-carbon energy innovation. These include both improvements in physical capital, such as smart grids to aid … document recent trends in energy innovation and discuss the lessons learnt for policy. We then discuss the potential role for … complementary innovation in both physical capital--using smart grids as an example of how policy can help--and human capital, where …

R&D innovation. Our key insight is that a country has incentives to influence foreign innovation efforts across sectors … and over time---giving rise to optimal policies even when the private innovation allocations are (Pareto) efficient. We … same time invoking domestic innovation subsidies during transition. By contrast, optimal policies under exogenous …

Venture capital plays an important role in funding and shaping innovation outcomes, characterized by investors' deep … and innovation community. China, in its pursuit of global leadership in AI innovation and technology, has set up …-led venture capital funds combine features of private venture capital with traditional government innovation policies. In this …