We investigate the event-based geopolitical shocks from the Russian invasion of Ukraine on selected agricultural and …

Revolution. Yet beneath the surface the story of wartime money creation has remained much the same. During wars against minor … powers, the government was able to fund the war by borrowing and levying taxes. In major wars, however, there came a point …

return to Ukraine after the war has ended, are likely to have the greatest impact on long-run scientific productivity in …We discuss the impacts of the Russian invasion on Ukrainian science. Using newly collected data, we show that the war … has already had significant effects on science in Ukraine: research papers produced by Ukrainian scientists declined by …

that affect the equilibrium exchange rate. The dynamic behavior of the ruble exchange rate following Russia's military … invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the resulting sanctions is entirely consistent with the combined effects of these …

shortly after the war seem to have dissipated by 2000. While these are important outcomes to economists, by focusing on them …

similar types of errors. The history of war cost forecasts suggests that increasing their frequency and transparency may … trillion dollars in direct military costs. I review the history of cost forecasts for these ongoing engagements, highlighting … the implications of the war costs themselves. Besides the unanticipated length and breadth of the military conflicts …

security analysts. Our analysis also indicates that war and forcible regime change will yield large improvements in the …We consider three questions related to the choice between war in Iraq and a continuation of the pre-war containment … war more or less costly for the United States than containment? Second, compared to war and forcible regime change, would …

This paper attempts to provide a more complete reckoning of the costs of the Iraq War, using standard economic and … underestimate the War's true costs. We estimate a range of present and future costs, by including expenditures not in the $500bn CBO … the war on the overall performance of the economy. Even taking a conservative approach and assuming all US troops return …