This paper examines the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and international trade. Specifically, the relationship between the stock of outward FDI, and inward FDI and Imports and Exports in the Portuguese economy. This paper also studies some technical problems associated with...

Innovation is the main engine of growth in an increasing number of economies. Innovation economies are, according to the Quadruple Helix (QH) Innovation Theory, sustained by four pilars – Firms, Academia, Government and Consumers –, all operating in a systemic, interactive environment. We...