Water management have been plagued by the problem of determining its price. The purpose of this paper is to provide a financial based approach for the implied price of water shortfall. To do so, we consider the price of municipalities' contracts for external water supplies (such as supply from...

The purpose of this paper is to assess the risk premium a fractional financial lognormal (Black-Scholes or BS) process relative to a non-fractional and complete financial pricing model. While fractional Brownian BS models based on the Duncan and Wicks calculus were shown to define a no arbitrage...

Self-serving altruistic domestic consumption arises when foreign consumption contributes to the domestic utility of consumption. This is particularly the case when consumption saturated economies with excess capacities vie to increase their employment and expand their foreign trade to maintain...