We study how trust held by citizens of a lender country towards citizens of a borrower country (“lenders’ generalized trust”) affects pricing and non-pricing terms of international syndicated loans. We find that generalized trust of a lead bank in the syndicated loans reduces loan spreads...

We examine a firm’s motivation to engage in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBMAs) and the source of value gains in such transactions. We find that the difference in industry growth opportunities between the target and acquirer countries (Relative industry growth (RIG)) is a key driving...

We examine whether trust between the citizens in an acquirer’s country and those in a target’s country improves long-term synergistic gains in cross-border M&As. We find that acquirers’ announcement returns increase as trust increases. The result is robust to using a historical war as an...

We examine a new attenuated type of informed trading in which insiders exploit the private information obtained via their ties to rival firms’ insiders. We find that insiders earn abnormal profits by trading their firms’ stocks before the disclosure of rivals’ cyberattacks, particularly...

We examine how shareholder financial difficulties affect firms’ risk-shifting behavior. Using the 2003 mutual fund scandal as a financial shock to institutions’ risk-shifting incentives, we find that lenders charge higher loan spreads after the scandal. The results are more evident when the...

We examine how private placements of equity (PPEs) affect debtholder wealth. We find that banks charge higher loan spreads, require more collateral, and impose stricter covenants for firms conducting PPEs. The results are more pronounced for firms without a value-enhancing PPE feature,...