Malamud, Bruce; Turcotte, Donald - In: Natural Hazards 20 (1999) 2, pp. 93-116
The concept of self-organizedcriticality evolved from studies of three simplecellular-automata models: the sand-pile, slider-block,and forest-fire models. In each case, there is asteady “input” and the “loss” is associated with afractal (power-law) distribution of “avalanches.” Each...