The Chernobyl plume contaminated vast lands of Europe with radiocaesium (<Superscript>1</Superscript>37Cs) in 1986 because of the deposition of radionuclides on the ground by wet and dry deposition processes. Nevertheless, in a nuclear emergency, contamination data may be very sparse and there is need to make rapid and...</superscript>

Explosive eruptions cannot be directly measured because they are inaccessible, which is the reason why computer simulations are developing more and more in volcanology. Calculations of volcanic hazard take substantial advantage of the simulations, particularly when they are validated...