Interest in biofuels began with oil shocks in the 1970’s, but the more rapid development and consumption of biofuel … expand, investments in capacity expansion and research and development have been made. The 2008 food crisis emphasized the …

In recent years, development policy has responded to an increasing concern about natural resource degradation by … institutional incentives in order to meet both environmental and poverty alleviation objectives. However, their optimal design … and stimulating debate on linkages between poverty alleviation and environmental protection. In particular, it turns …