Sandhya, Vallapuzha - 2011
their return performance and their flow-performance relation. We find that TDFs under-perform balanced funds (BFs) which are … also approved as a default option along with TDFs in 401(k) plans. We show that the under-performance is driven by TDFs … that have a fund-of-fund structure which invests in funds with high expense ratios and low performance within the fund …