positive net effect on native employment while offshoring has no effect on it. We also find some evidence that offshoring has …How many 'American jobs' have U.S.-born workers lost due to immigration and offshoring? Or, alternatively, is it … possible that immigration and offshoring, by promoting cost-savings and enhanced efficiency in firms, have spurred the creation …

determines a bias in the relative employment of skilled versus unskilled workers. Using a balanced panel of firm-based data …, although weak, skill bias effect of production offshoring on the labor-force composition of Italian manufacturing: in … skill ratio, we find that the skill bias effect is primarily driven by a fall in the employment of production workers, while …

that only export abroad. Second, firms that engage in final goods off-shoring are more productive than firms that engage in … inputs off-shoring. Third, in terms of the productivity dynamics over the period 1998-2003, exporters' performance in Italy …

) for both male and female graduates. On the other hand, unfavourable employment conditions at the time of entry into …