stabilise the debt ratio in the medium term and fund unmet public services needs. The tax-benefit system needs to be redesigned … around half of total tax revenues, but are levied on small tax bases, partly reflecting the unequal distribution of income …. Only the value-added tax has a relatively broad basis combined with a moderate tax rate. There is some scope to raise …

Tax reforms are crucial to promoting inclusive growth in India. The replacement of a myriad of consumption taxes by a … Goods and Services Tax (GST) will boost India's competitiveness, investment, job creation and tax compliance. The potential … productivity by reducing distortions in the allocation of resources which emanate from the corporate income tax; iv) boost job …

The Swedish universal welfare model relies on a high tax level to finance a variety of transfers to the workingage …. However, the efficiency costs of the system are substantial. Taxes and benefits combine to face income earners with high … effective tax rates and the unemployed with little reward from moving into employment, resulting in a declining intensity in the …

Tax revenues at 20% of GDP remain low compared to other Latin American countries and the OECD average and tax evasion … than households. Therefore, Colombia needs a comprehensive tax reform that boosts revenues and shifts the tax burden to … support more inclusive and green growth. Tax loopholes and exemptions that reduce the tax base and favour mainly the rich …

The Polish tax system is characterised by high social security contributions for both employers and employees. As a … result, Poland has one of the highest tax wedges in the OECD, despite relatively low personal income tax rates. This …, property. One of the key implications of the tax structure is that the system as a whole is one of the least redistributive …

Reforms over the past two decades have produced a well-balanced, modern tax system. However, considerable revenues will … of total tax revenue but are levied on small tax bases, partly reflecting the distribution of income. A revenue source … less detrimental to growth is consumption taxes, which are mostly raised by the relatively broad value-added tax …

poverty. The tax-to-GDP ratio is low relative to other emerging market economies. The difficulty is to raise revenues without … denting growth or worsening inequality. Successive reforms have modernised the tax administration and increased the number of … taxpayers. Nonetheless, raising compliance is an ongoing challenge and investing in the tax administration rightly remains a …

After the radical reforms undertaken in the 1980s, the NZ tax system has long been regarded as one of most efficient … within the OECD, and is based on a comprehensive income approach. Looking forward, the country will require a tax regime that … clear long-term direction for the tax system to guide reforms. There are at least two broad options that are worth …

This paper examines the relationship between tax structures and economic growth by entering indicators of the tax … growth than taxes on consumption and property. More precisely, the findings allow the establishment of a ranking of tax …-oriented tax reform would be to shift part of the revenue base towards recurrent property and consumption taxes and away from …

The tax-to-GDP ratio rose steadily in most EU countries up to the late 1990s, largely reflecting a sustained expansion … of public sector commitments to welfare provision. Since the late 1990s, many EU countries have cut tax rates. However …, the tax burden in the EU area remains much higher than in most other economies. The tax mix is also different, with high …