Income inequality and relative poverty among the working-age population in Japan have risen to levels above the OECD … inequality and poverty is weak compared to other OECD countries and inadequate to offset the deterioration in market income. The … inequality and poverty requires reforms to reduce labour market dualism and better target social spending on low …

reducing poverty. It is important to increase transparency about self-employed income to ensure fairness in the financing of … social insurance systems, including the new long-term care insurance. The rise in inequality and relative poverty should be …

credit, to prevent a rise in inequality and poverty. This Working Paper relates to the 2013 OECD Economic Survey of Japan …