measure is a cohort-weighted average of past PISA scores (representing the quality of education) of the working age population … and the corresponding mean years of schooling (representing the quantity of education). In contrast to the existing … elasticity of the stock of human capital with respect to the quality of education is three to four times larger than for the …

spend comparatively few years in formal education, and the quality of the education they receive is lower than in other OECD … countries. This paper discusses the performance of education services up to the upper secondary level. It assesses both the … efficiency (outcome for money invested) and the equity of the system and shows that the education system has to be improved …

challenge by raising education spending and expanding the capacity of the education system in key areas such as pre …-primary education and increasing participation in education beyond the age of 16. Nevertheless, performance on international tests of … cognitive ability remains significantly below the standards of the best performing OECD countries and the education system seems …

The French education system has a mixed record. A generally very successful pre-school and primary school level … contrasts with underfunded public universities with high dropout rates which exist alongside very successful higher education … institutions for elites. Initial education, especially secondary education and the universities, along with labour market policies …