high overall participation rate, due to a high frequency of part-time employment, a low effective retirement age and a high …

respects in order to raise the economy’s capacity to generate employment. The present tax and transfer system still implies … Public Employment Service should continue. On the labour demand side, there remains scope to raise the efficiency of Germany …'s employment protection system. Also, provisions should be made to allow for a higher degree of wage flexibility across …

reduced. Women’s employment is high but the gender wage gap could be narrowed further by enhancing their employment …

respects in order to raise the economy’s capacity to generate employment. The present tax and transfer system still implies … Public Employment Service should continue. On the labour demand side, there remains scope to raise the efficiency of Germany …'s employment protection system. Also, provisions should be made to allow for a higher degree of wage flexibility across …

This paper analyses employment dynamics across firms during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of job retention schemes …, computed using administrative data on employment and wages from electronic payroll records across 12 countries linked to … highlights four key findings: i) the employment adjustment margins varied over time, adjusting mainly through the intensive …

nation’s potential output. Boosting employment prospects is also critical, as the country will soon be ageing at a fast pace …. Despite long working hours, labour utilisation is only average due to structurally low employment rates, particularly at both … ends of the age spectrum, with some marked regional differences. The female employment rate is especially low, in part due …