for the same great circle distance and the same city size, the road distance between two cities located in the same … estimates of the border effect for continental Europe using road rather than great circle – or “as-crows-fly” – distance. Road … information on travel time, we are able to consider costs related to time in addition to those depending on distance. We find that …

dense economic activity and endowments in natural resources. To do so, various indicators of distance to markets … benchmark. Three measures of distance to markets are found to have a statistically significant effect on GDP per capita: the sum … faire, divers indicateurs de distance par rapport aux marchés, de coûts de transports, et de dépendance envers les …

quantification of the impact of distance to markets has been made on the basis of a sample restricted to advanced — and therefore … provides a detailed discussion of the links between the ?death-of-distance? hypothesis, the evolution of transport costs and … that of the elasticity of trade to distance.<P>Les pays développés ont-ils échappé à la malédiction de la distance ?<BR …