Reforms over the past two decades have produced a well-balanced, modern tax system. However, considerable revenues will … of total tax revenue but are levied on small tax bases, partly reflecting the distribution of income. A revenue source … less detrimental to growth is consumption taxes, which are mostly raised by the relatively broad value-added tax …

poverty. The tax-to-GDP ratio is low relative to other emerging market economies. The difficulty is to raise revenues without … denting growth or worsening inequality. Successive reforms have modernised the tax administration and increased the number of … taxpayers. Nonetheless, raising compliance is an ongoing challenge and investing in the tax administration rightly remains a …